Benefits Of Watching Movies At Home - 861 Words

People watch movies for all different reasons, for entertainment, relaxation, humor, and even pleasure. For instance, going to a movie on a date or on a family outing can be fun or entertaining. Although going to a movie theater has its benefits, watching movies at home has numerous benefits from watching movies at a theater. In contrast there isn’t any distraction when watching the movie at home, being able to watch the movie at any time or place and not having to pay for over price foods or tickets. At home no one should have to face as much distraction as someone would at a movie theater. In the movies they are annoy previews, rude customers, cell phone ringing or others walking in front of you while you are trying to enjoy the movie. Other examples of distraction at a movie theater are strangers talking through the important parts of the movie and some adults bring little kids to adult rated movies that kick on the back of the chair. On the contrary, watching the movie at home eliminates annoy previews, advertisements, kids crying or kicking your seats, people talking though the movie and people walking in front of the screen when you are trying to watch the movie. Some might say that someone can still have some of these distraction at home while watching a movie. However, it is easier to control these distraction at home. For instance, turning off the cell phone during the movie, watching the movie when the kids are asleep, and watching the movie when your home alone.Show Mo reRelatedThe Performance Of The Nielson Company1552 Words   |  7 Pagesis based on your favorite book, legend, or you simply were captivated by the preview you saw on television, movies have constantly brought in large revenues for the producers and theaters. However, with the growing availability of online streaming people now have the ability to access movies in the comfort of their own homes, which brings about the debate of whether watching a movie at home or in a theater creates the most enjoyable experience. The Nielson Company is a business that produces televisionRead MoreCompare and Contrast Essay660 Words   |  3 PagesContrast Essay Cinemas can be a great time , but staying home and watching a movie can be just as great. Americans last year on average spent 9.87 billion dollars on tickets alone. Americans who stayed home saved a lot of money, were more comfortable, and probably had just as good of a time. I feel that going out to have a good time is essential in life, but money saved is money earned. The financial aspects of going out to the movies is the most appalling factor when you consider the factsRead MoreDriving Force of Movie Rental Industry929 Words   |  4 Pagesopportunities to view movies 1. Increasingly numbers of households had combination DVD player/recorders, so they could easily record TV programs and movies and then replay them at their convenience. 2. Moreover, consumers were increasingly interested in watching movies on their big-screen high-definition TVs and were upgrading to BLu-ray DVD player or player/recorders; both Blu-ray and high definition technologies enabled more spectacular pictures and a significantly higher caliber in- home movie-viewingRead MoreIs It Creates A Culture?1532 Words   |  7 Pagesknowledgeable and more aware of what is available in the market. A survey conducted in 2014 revealed that a third of Australians download illegally, and more than half does so due to lack of access. They have tried to obtain them legally, but the movies weren’t available in Australia (McNab, 2015). Similarly, paid subscription movie providers such as Netflix or Foxtel doesn’t show latest shows, as mentioned by Popcorn time’s spokes person, â€Å"A lot of the project is about showing†¦ other companies likeRead MoreNetflix SWOT Essay1331 Words   |  6 Pageslist at NetFlix.com. Next, Netfli x will rush you movies from your list. Then, watch the movies at your convenience. There is not due date or late fees. And finally, once you have viewed your movie return it to Netflix and get another movie from your list. More that 95% of subscribers live within 1 business day delivery. Netflix delivers over 1.8 million DVD’s each day. Here are a few Netflix facts. Netflix allows customers to rate the movies. There are over 2 billion reviews currently onRead MoreNetflix Case1639 Words   |  7 Pagesthe on – line movie rental market. Netflix’s strategy in the movie rental market is differentiation from traditional movie rental stores. Instead of attracting customers to a retail location, Netflix offered home delivery of DVDs through the mail. Why only DVDs? In 1998, most available movies were in VHS cassette format but Netflix concentrated on using only DVDs because its marketing strategy was to develop cross promotional programs with the manufacturers and sellers of DVD players, providing aRead MoreNetflix Case1624 Words   |  7 Pagesthe on – line movie rental market. Netflix’s strategy in the movie rental market is differentiation from traditional movie rental stores. Instead of attracting customers to a retail location, Netflix offered home delivery of DVDs through the mail. Wh y only DVDs? In 1998, most available movies were in VHS cassette format but Netflix concentrated on using only DVDs because its marketing strategy was to develop cross promotional programs with the manufacturers and sellers of DVD players, providing aRead MoreNetflix s Business Idea For The Love Of Movies1310 Words   |  6 PagesIn 1997 Reed Hasting launch his business idea for the love of movies. Reed Hastings, founder and CEO of Netflix launched an internet based company in 1999 in America that signed 239,000 movie watchers in the first year. Hasting vision was to start a company that allowed all Americans access to movies via his based website, which included mailbox delivery. It was a brilliant idea and Netflix has flourished since the start up. The basis for Netflix was to allow all movie watchers across America toRead MoreNetflixs Business Idea For The Love Of Movies1315 Words   |  6 Pages In 1997 Reed Hasting launch his business idea for the love of movies.(Hastings) Reed Hastings founder and CEO of Netflix launched an internet based company in 1999 in America that signed 239,000 movie watchers in the first year. Hasting vision was to start a company that allowed all American assess to movies via his based website, which included mail box delivery. It was a brilliant idea and Netflix has flourish since the start up. The bases for Netflix was to allow all movie watches across AmericaRead MoreNetflix Information Systems Are Used For A Number Of Reasons866 Words   |  4 PagesNetflix information systems are used for a number of reasons. One major reason is to find out what their users are watching. This information is particularly useful to them so that they can provide users with a personalized list of shows and movies. They know what you want to watch before you. Netflix also studies how many of its customers watch movies or shows with a particular actor and invests in that content. They do this by collecting data based on what each user has previously watched. Netflix

Logistical Operations - Panasonic - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1787 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Logistics Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? P A N A S O N I C I à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Introduction This is essay will be submitted for the purpose of analyzing the organization I will be focusing to, its current order processing, how they process the inventory control, and the use of ICT technologies in logistical operations. Since the founding of our company in 1918, Panasonic have been providing better living to its customers, always making people central to their activities, and thus focusing on peoples lives. Going forward, based on innovative electronics technology, they provide a wide variety of products, systems, and services, ranging from consumer electronics products to industrial devices, building products and housing. The company is working hard to cater a new value for better living, and help realize A Better Life, A Better World for each individual. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Logistical Operations Panasonic" essay for you Create order (Panasonic, 2014) II à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Order Processing As technology is finding its way to into many business systems engineering efforts, Linkage of Order processing directly from the buyer to the factory and back to the buyer through computers is another breakthrough in technology nowadays. As one of the biggest electronics company, Panasonic have managed to establish its linkage to all its concerned parties via EDI (Electronic Device Information). Using one of the most popular systems (SAP), the company can easily get the orders from its customer around the world and send to the factory as well. Order Processing procedure (Practiced Globally): End Customer (after setting an agreement for the price quotation) to place order to Panasonic Overseas Sales office, who will evaluate the quantity that the customer is requesting based on the forecast they have initially given. Delivery request must be at least 90days before the requested delivery date, or else, ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s considered short lead-time order. Once everything is confirmed, EC will transmit the Purchase Order to Panasonic Singapore via EDI/SAP, followed by an email about the list of POà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s being transmitted. PIDS (Panasonic Singapore) will then check all the Customer POà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s received and counter- check all the informationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s needed (Quantity, MOS, Delivery date, Consignee, Destination and Final Buyer). After all information are confirmed, PIDS will check with Panasonic Refrigeration Devices Singapore if thereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s available stock, release the PO to the factory then double check everything and forward the details to the Production Planning Department. This department will then do the proper material planning, production scheduling and then confirm the order reply with the delivery date via system (SAP). OSC would then be able to see the Order reply and share the information to the costumer if the schedule is acceptable to them or not. After the End customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s confirmation (if ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s within the 90days lead-time), OSC will confirm to both PIDS and PRDS so they can advise the delivery schedule and confirm via EDI. *** PRDS will then proceed to produce the cargoes based on the planned schedule depending on the product. They would normally commit 1 week so they could produce and replenish the buffer stocks. *** In case of urgent shipments and stock out, factory will proceed to do the hand-to-mouth-production where all the F/G are right away be packed and proceed for collection by the In-house forwarder. *** They would propose to customer if ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s possible to do partial shipment and when is the best ETD/ETA. III The use of ICT in Panasonic Logistics operation Based on the above data linkage, Information Technology have been widely used in Panasonic. Investing in this kind of system cost them a huge amount but it did help them simplify the job and efficient result which has been a big help to the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s value added service to its customers. Even in the US and other 1st world countries, Panasonic is implementing the use of RFID in monitoring its Rail, Port Airport activities. (Panasonic, 2014) SAP, EDI those high-end monitoring solution clearly enhances the productivity of cargo handling everywhere. The company invested to this high-cost technology but, without an aggressive inspection program and monitoring to support it higher costs and much bigger issues may be arise down the road. Benefits of EDI/SAP to Panasonic: Automated systems reduce labor and admin costs. Sharing info leads to more timely deliveries and falling inventory levels at the store. Cross docking reduces inventory levels at DC Customer need scare more fully addressed. Rapid replenishment can reduce stock-outs, and this means that customers seeking a particular product or brand will not leave empty-handed. A small amount of time spent by a skilled EDI consultant can save hours of time for your busy staff. It also ensures achievement of your process automation key goal: better key customer service. ISSUES Only large organizations can afford EDI/SAP. Not all companies/vendors are using EDI. Since EDI requires standardized, participating companies must agree on the format of a standard, and it is not easy for them to do since many of them have different standards. If the interested company canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t afford to invest in the software, the chance for an additional customer might be lost. Higher Unemployment % à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" with EDI, everything can be done in fast-track. A small amount of time spent by a skilled EDI consultant can save hours of time for your busy staff. Thus, the company might choose to invest in an expensive investment than lose a bigger value in the long run if the user made some mistakes in the Order processing data entry up to the invoices being transmitted to the customer. High maintenance for IT à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" for every company that is using this software, thereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s also a need to maintain a group of people who knows the software thoroughly and be able to trouble-shoot when errors are encountered. RECOMMENDATIONS 1st, I would recommend and would help if the company would be very flexible to cater/accept smaller companies who couldnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t afford this software. They would also need to educate their employees about the software which will enable them to trouble-shoot with less help from the IT people. With this, the company can save by reducing the IT consultants. IV à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Inventory Control Every company/factory are in dire need of managing and controlling their inventory in order for them to maintain an even flow of production, at the same time avoiding excessive investment in inventories. Efficient inventory control cuts out losses and wastes of materials. Panasonic is currently using a Cycle Stock Method, Order-Cycle System. In this system, every 30, 60 or 90 days you go through your inventory and check product levels. You order more of products that you suspect will sell out before the following scheduled inventory checkup. Iss ues: 30 days inventory is dangerous. You could run into overstock problems or shortages. A lot of monitoring works for each cycle. The cycle is risky and it could make a company lost its profit. Thus, a lot of monitoring in its inventories needs to be done properly. Hiring a staff that is totally new would put the company into risk, V Conclusion In Order processing, It is vital to clearly communicate with the customer. Getting the right information and providing the correct feedback to them about their order are to be given a high importance. Tell the customer if there is a delay in the fulfillment of the order. Being upfront and honest with the customer when there is a problem is much better than ignoring it. Also, inform the customer when the order ships. Tell her the carrier, the tracking number and the expected delivery date. Ask for feedback from the customer after he receives the order. Have a customer service. Every company must establish this elegance in handling customers especially their orders. High-end technology is an enormous help to the company, but still, customer service is a profession that everyone needs to master for an Efficient Customer reply (ECR) As for the Inventory control, it is known that the aim of an effective inventory replenishment system is to maintain a suitable balance between the cost of holding stock and the particular service requirement for customers. Low stock is a dis-advantage as it canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t help to customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s need to be immediately fulfilled, which may lead to the loss of both existing and future business. High stock levels also have major disadvantage because capital is tied up that might be better invested in elsewhere. Thereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s also a risk for Product deterioration, products may become obsolete, or outdated. The expense pf providing additional storage space is also a dis-advantage, thus we must need to have a balanced inventory. (Alan Rushton, 2006) Another factor which Inventory must be managed correctly is in manufacturing firms. Manufacture process requires relatively long process cycle-time. Procurement of materials has long lead time. Demand for finished products is some time seasonal and prone to fluctuations. Material costs are affected by fluctuations in demand and subsequent ly by fluctuations in manufacturing. These conditions are managed by maintaining reserve stock or safety stock through managing the inventory. VI Recommendation Due to the fluctuating market and high competition nowadays, I would recommend to use Kanban Pull System in order to manage their Inventory. Advantages: Pull System is establishing an appropriate inventory level with a focus on replenishment lead time to satisfy the actual customer consumption. A Pull Company builds only what is consumed and when it is consumed. The inventory level is only what is required for the customer demand, so the risk of inventory obsolescence or expiration is minimized. The need for a production schedule is removed as production only builds what is consumed in the sequence it is consumed. The mechanism used to inform production to fill an inventory position is called a Kanban Replenishment. Kanban is Japanese for à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“signalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . An additional benefit of a P ull System is that the rush to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“pushà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  orders through a system is removed, so work flows on actual demand à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“pullsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and quality improves naturally due to a smooth manufacturing process. Consider all of the valuable machine time, materials, manpower and effort required to build to a Push System when a Pull System redirects these resources to build only what is required and when it is needed. The company saves money in areas unrealized before, such as improved quality, fewer rejects, better customer service, less planning, and lower management overhead. By being Lean, the focus of profit per piece-produced is replaced with the actual net profit of the entire companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s through-put. (Incorporated, 2007) References Alan Rushton, P. C. (2006). Basic Inventory Planning Management. In P. C. Alan Rushton, Logistics Distribution Management (pp. 197-207). Great Britain: Kogan Page Limited. Incorporated, W. S. (2007). Google. Retrieved from Lean-manufacturing-inventory: https://www.lean-manufacturing-inventory.com/pushvspull.aspx Panasonic. (2014, Oct 10). Retrieved from www.panasonic.com. Panasonic. (2014, Oct 17). Retrieved from Panasonic USA: https://www.panasonic.com/business-solutions/supply-chain-logistics-technology-solutions-port-rail.asp

The Issue Of A White Lie - 1186 Words

A white lie is a term for a harmless or trivial lie. Humans lie and that is a truth no one can deny. I had dinner at a friend’s house last week and she went out of her way to cook a complex seafood meal, which I did not care for. When asked if I wanted seconds, I said no. My claim was that I was already full. Was that lie? Yes, I lied to be polite, rather than to tell her I did not like the way she prepared the fish. The First Amendment gives us the right to tell these lies without fear of repercussions. No harm is bein ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬g done to others and the lie, however deceitful, will soon be forgotten. However, when does a lie break the law? The First Amendment protects rights to express opinions, even if unpopular. However, this right isn’t†¦show more content†¦Ã‚ ¬Regardless of the nature of the lie, it is still a lie. Some lies, however, come with hefty fines, and can even send a person to jail. In 2007, Xavier Alvarez was elected to the board of Three Valleys Water District. He introduced himself with a series of lies about being a retired Marine, married to a Mexican movie star, having rescued an Americ an ambassador during the Iranian hostage crisis, playing hockey for Detroit Red Wings, and having been awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor. Word spread of his extravagant accomplishments and it wasn’t long before a light was shed on his blatant lies. Alvarez soon found himself in court, facing charges of stolen valor. Of all the lies Alvarez told, one landed him facing charges; lying about receiving a Congressional Medal of Honor is a federal crime. Technically lying about something is freedom of speech and remains protected by the first amendment. So why is a lie a crime and where do we draw the line? Looking at this case from a moral perspective it is evident that Xavier Alvarez committed a moral crime. His actions directly undermine the accomplishments of those who have truly put their lives on the line to protect our country and earn those medals. Whether it is sympathy, respect, admiration, or benefits that he seeks, Alvarez is disrespecting all those who have in fact served. When people hear or read about cases like United States v. Alvarez the first thought that comes to mind is how disgraceful it is for an

Australian Immigration Law Intervention and Ministerial Guidelines

Question: Discuss about the Australian Immigration Law for Intervention and Ministerial Guidelines. Answer: Ministerial Intervention and Ministerial Guidelines The provision of safety net is a discretion that is conferred on the Minister by section 351 and section 417 of the Migration Act, 1958 to make favourable decisions on a visa application in the public interest. The decision that is to be taken by the Minister should be for the benefit of the public and the Minister has the responsibility of determining the feature and the statutory requirements being met or not for the entry of any given migrant[1]. Earlier, the Tribunal determined the precondition of the Migrants entry however, with the emergence of more problematic situations taking place, the Minister was endowed with the responsibility of making decisions with regard to entry of migrants. This is called Ministerial Discretion or the safety net discretion. This essay includes the statutory requirements that provide for Ministerial Discretion to be used as safety net and the changes that were included in the year 2016 with regard to Ministerial discretion and the impact on the orig inal intent of the legislation. With the introduction of the changes in the Migration Act, 1958, there were significant changes in the statutory framework regarding immigration issues. The minister no longer has the general discretion to grant visa or reject visa to the applicants, but the applications should meet the statutory requirements and regulations that are stated by the Migration Act and its regulations[2]. The Minister exercises his discretionary power and if, according to the Minister the requirements match with the Migration Act, the Minister may grant the visa. However, if the Minister is of the view that the requirements do not match with the statutory regulations then the Minister may reject the visa. Thus, it may be said that the optional power of the Minister allows him to determine the provisions of the Act that are either applicable or not applicable depending on the situation or circumstance of any given migrant[3]. The Minister has wide-ranging discretionary powers relating to entry, deportatio n and stay from Australia were integrated into the Migration Act, 1958. The Migration Act gives the Minister significant power to apply his discretion to grant or reject visa to a non-citizen. According to the DIMIA, the migration regulations that were in force in the year 1989 placed no heed on the use of ministerial discretion[4]. Since the time the discretionary powers are inserted in the Migration Act, the department of immigration has formulated detailed procedure for dealing with intervention related issues, assessing cases where ministerial discretion may be likelihood[5]. As per the Migration Act, a minister can use discretionary powers such as substitution powers, powers to vary processes, order for release and detention and cancellation of visas on the grounds of character[6]. Thus, these are the types of discretion that a minister can use at the time when he is supposed to use his safety net. The question that arises following the types of discretion is the circumstances in which the minister may use his ministerial discretion[7]. As per sections 351 and 417 of the Act, the Minister has the power to use his discretion if, in the opinion of the Minister, there is an urgency of using his discretion for public interest. The public interest or the safety net discretion that the Minister exercises is much broader than the statutory requirements in the Act. In cases, where the legislation fails to give a more favourable decision in the grant or rejection of visa, the Minister uses his discretionary power in such case[8]. A minister may use the safety net discretion where the application of visa is assessed at both the primary and merit stage of review and the application has not met the criteria for grant of visa. The discretionary powers of the Minister are non-reviewable, non-delegable and non-compellable[9]. According to section 476, subsection 2 of the Migration Act, 1958, the Federal Court does not have the power to re consider the decision of the Minister that the Minister has utilised under section 351 and 417 of the Act. While the Minister is making decisions under section 351 and 417 of the Act, he is not bound by subdivisions AA or AC of the Migration Act. This means that the Minister, while using his safety net discretion is not bound to be satisfied with the criterion that is stated in the Migration Regulations[10]. The discretionary powers of the Minster cannot be delegated. According to the Department of Immigration, Australia, the Minister can exercise his discretion wherein, the appli cant of visa has made a visa application and has delegated the power of determination of visa to a departmental officer. The Minister has to review the visa applicant and grant or reject the visa depending on the merits of the case. In the primary review stage, the Tribunal determines the visa application and the Tribunal takes the relevant decision[11]. However, if the Minister is of the opinion that it may make a more positive decision than the Tribunal, then in such circumstances he may use his discretion[12]. The process of triggering ministerial discretion in immigration matters is informal. In absence of a formal process, there are three main possibilities for seeking suitable intervention of the minister in relation to immigration matters[13]. The Tribunal or some other Tribunal may informally refer the cases to minister to their review. The minister has stated that such requests should not be made as formal recommendations. Secondly, applicants may make the request in writing to the Minister[14]. There is again, no formal way of making an application for seeking minister intervention. The applicants may make request for their own or may make an application for others seeking ministerial intervention. Third parties such as lobby group or refuges may make an application to the minister seeking his intervention. Thirdly, minister intervention may be sought by way of DIMIA officers, who may make an application in writing for the visa applicants. Thus, the above-mentioned ways are the info rmal ways of ministerial intervention[15]. However, there are ministerial guidelines that explain the situations in which ministerial interventions may be utilised. A minister may provide his ministerial intervention of there is significant threat to the use of the persons security and human dignity, where persons are refugees at the time of leaving their country and fear return to their county as they may have to face persecution in that country[16]. As per the Convention Against Torture (CAT) and Other Cruel Inhuman and Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Australia has the responsibility of keeping the person safe in their lands in fear of being tortured, in such cases minister may use his safety net discretion and grant visa to applicants[17]. As per the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CROC) it may against the interests of the child to return them to their home country, as such ministerial intervention becomes a mandate. Moreover, if there are existences of unanticipated, unintended and unfair situations, minister ma y use his discretion. If there are existence of circumstances that are compassionate and compelling in nature to an extent ministerial intervention becomes mandatory. Other factors in which length of time, age and society justify the existence of compelling circumstances may also invoke safety net intervention[18]. The processes that are laid in the level of department to manage requests for ministerial discretion have developed under successive ministers since the powers were formulated as part of this Act. Senator Ray was the immigration minister at the time when the relevant provisions were established as part of the Migration Act. The submissions that are made by the Department provide a background for the development of ministerial guidelines for the staff on the use of the procedures and powers for managing the system. While Senator Ray was the immigration minister, he did not use his ministerial intervention power. However, he made the following examination on the concept of public interest[19]. The term public interest is not only limited with issues pertaining to public concerns. Paying proper consideration to the public interest could mean paying proper consideration to the circumstances of a given issue. The circumstances may be unusual and unforeseen. This broader explanation of pub lic interest is relevant even in todays application of public interest involving ministerial intervention. Minister Gerry Hand made a statement in the year 1990 with regard to the power of using discretion by ministers. In his statement, he held that he would not use the discretionary powers or the safety net powers unless there is a serious reason. Moreover, he also stated that he should use his discretion power, if in his opinion; there is a gap in policy for providing sufficient recourse. In the year 1990, the department issued guidelines for control in the policy that should be given to the minister in submissions and making statements. As per the recent changes that have been made with regard to the policy of ministerial discretion, it may be held that the original intent of the legislature is affected. The judiciary considers the intention of the legislature, when the judiciary has the responsibility of interpreting the rules. The judiciary attempts to understand the intention of the legislature where the legislature seems unclear. However, where a statute is clear and ambiguous, there is no need for the Courts to probe into the intention of the legislature. The guidelines of the Minister provides for the types of cases that might be referred for consideration of the minister. The department shall asses the request against the guidelines that are available for minister intervention. If the Department is of the opinion that the request is not genuine then it may not address the matter to the Minister for his discretion. However, many requests do not meet the guidelines of the Department and are not referred to the Minister. As already stated above, the minister has already specified the circumstances in which a case may be referred to the minister for his consideration[20]. Between the years 1996 until 2002, the minister has used his intervention for more than 1916 times. On the 1046th time, the minister used this power under section 417 of the Migration Act, 1958. On the 516th time, the minister used his intervention under section 351 of the Migration Act, 1958. Under Mr. Gerry Hand, the power was used more than 81 times and under Mr. Nick Bolkus, the power used about 311 times. The growing ministerial intervention can be equated with the number of requests that is made by the applicants to the minister. The minister is not bound by statutory requirements to make use of his discretionary powers. The minister is not restrained by the applicability of his discretion. The lack of statutory obligations on the minister may be one of the reasons why the number of requests for ministerial intervention is increasing. Hence, the original intent of the legislature is seen to be shifting its focus on a more practical approach than theoretical approach[21]. Other than the increase in the requests for minister intervention, there are two other reasons for increasing the use of ministerial discretion under the existing government. The guidelines that were issued in the year 1999 placed a systematic process according to which a negative decision of the tribunal has to be examined by the department as against the criteria laid in the guidelines[22]. A person might be able to make a request for ministerial intervention if the person has received a result by merits of review tribunal. This means that the Administrative Appeals Tribunal (AAT) for review decisions made before July 1, 2015. However, in the following circumstances the powers of the Minister are not available such as, there is no review decision by a merits review tribunal, a minister has already interfered before for grant of visa. If in the opinion of the tribunal it does not have the jurisdiction to review a decision, the tribunal has discovered that the review application was made beyond the limits and a tribunal has returned your case for further consideration. The guidelines of the minister indicate that there are certain cases that do not meet the specifications for referral. The minister has stated the guidelines in which referral for minister intervention shall not be considered. As per migration legislation the Minister for the Department of Immigration and Border Protection, has powers to interfere in the case of any applicant that has not been successful in the Administrative Appeal Tribunal, and to change the decision with a more suitable one the minister may change the decision of the Tribunal. Generally, when the Minister interferes with the application of visa on the grounds of public interest, the visa is mostly granted. However, the minister is not obliged in a legal way to interfere in a case and the decision of what is in the public interest is entirely in the hands of the Minister. There are policy guidelines available to help the minister in determining what is in the interest of the public and when to intervene. For instan ce, as per the latest policy, for the Minister to consider a request there must be unique or exceptional circumstances present. The policy also states the inappropriateness to consider ministerial intervention[23]. Recently, there have been changes in the policy that have widened the scope of matters in which it would be inappropriate for the Minister to consider an application for safety net discretion. Among the other grounds, ministerial discretion is no longer available if the persons visa is cancelled or refused as they breached the visa conditions, been found not satisfying other grounds of public interest criteria and an ongoing application for substantive visa is pending. The recent changes in the Ministerial intervention policy have meant that now it is even more difficult to make a successful application for ministers discretion. In the year 1990, Mr. Hand made a statement in the press to regularise the status of illegal migrants and he specified the type of cases that may be referred to him. Those include cases in which it was difficult to identify the intent of the legislator, cases in which of not recognising the intent of the legislator the consequences were vital and cases that have the involvement of compassionate and compelling circumstances. Thus, in the above-mentioned scenarios cases can be easily referred to a Minister. Additionally, the most important question that needs to be answered in this regard is about the original intention of the legislature. Ministerial intervention becomes important when the original intention of the Minister is not understood or is not clear. Thus, it may be said in this regard that the intention of the legislature was influenced and gor deviated from the original intention of the legislature. When the Migration Act, 1958 was established one of the aim of this Act was to provide visa to non citizens of Australia to enter and remain in Australia and the intention of the Parliament was that this Act shall be considered as the only source of the right to the non citizens to enter and remain in Australia. However, at the time of ministerial intervention, if the Minister considers it fit he may deviate from the normal statutory requirements and may grant or reject the visa of the person based on his discretion. Thus, it may be held that the original intention of the legislature was influenced by the changes made in the year 2016 in the migration rules and regulation. Conclusively, it may be stated, that the essay included the statutory requirements that provide for ministerial discretion to be used as safety net. Additionally, the essay also stated the change in the intention of the legislature with regard to the changes recently included in the year 2016 for migration rules and policies. References: Abbott, Malcolm, and Bruce Cohen. "The accountability of ministerial staff in Australia."Australian Journal of Political Science49.2 (2014): 316-333. Beine, Michel, et al. "Measuring immigration policies: preliminary evidence from IMPALA."CESifo Economic Studies61.3-4 (2015): 527-559. Dudley, Michael, et al. "Children and young people in immigration detention."Current Opinion in Psychiatry25.4 (2012): 285-292. Fan, Mary. "The Law of Immigration and Crime." (2013). Hollifield, James, Philip Martin, and Pia Orrenius.Controlling immigration: A global perspective. Stanford University Press, 2014. Horikawa, Tomoko. "Japan's reaction to the White Australia policy: international society, race relations and the quest for recognition." (2015). Kofman, Eleonore. 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